Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
(TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often
affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable.
TB is spread
from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze
or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a
few of these germs to become infected.
About
one-third of the world's population has latent TB, which means people have been
infected by TB bacteria but are not (yet) ill with disease and cannot transmit
the disease.
People infected
with TB bacteria have a lifetime risk of falling ill with TB of 10%. However
persons with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV,
malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have a much higher risk of
falling ill.
When a
person develops active TB (disease), the symptoms (cough, fever, night sweats,
weight loss etc.) may be mild for many months. This can lead to delays in
seeking care, and results in transmission of the bacteria to others. People ill
with TB can infect up to 10-15 other people through close contact over the
course of a year. Without proper treatment up to two thirds of people ill with
TB will die.
Key facts
- Tuberculosis (TB) is second
only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide due to a single
infectious agent.
- In 2012, 8.6 million people
fell ill with TB and 1.3 million died from TB.
- Over 95% of TB deaths occur in
low- and middle-income countries, and it is among the top three causes of
death for women aged 15 to 44.
- In 2012, an estimated 530 000
children became ill with TB and 74 000 HIV-negative children died of TB.
- TB is a leading killer of
people living with HIV causing one quarter of all deaths.
- Multi-drug resistant TB
(MDR-TB) is present in virtually all countries surveyed.
- The estimated number of people
falling ill with tuberculosis each year is declining, although very
slowly, which means that the world is on track to achieve the Millennium
Development Goal to reverse the spread of TB by 2015.
- The TB death rate dropped 45%
between 1990 and 2012.
- An estimated 22 million lives
saved through use of DOTS and the Stop TB Strategy recommended by WHO.
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